ABSTRACT
The recent pandemic outbreak of coronavirus is pathogenic and a highly transmittable viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In this time of ongoing pandemic, many emerging reports suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 has inimical effects on neurological functions, and even causes serious neurological damage. The neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 include headache, dizziness, depression, anosmia, encephalitis, stroke, epileptic seizures, and Guillain-Barre syndrome along with many others. The involvement of the CNS may be related with poor prognosis and disease worsening. Here, we review the evidence of nervous system involvement and currently known neurological manifestations in COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. We prioritize the 332 human targets of SARS-CoV-2 according to their association with brain-related disease and identified 73 candidate genes. We prioritize these 73 genes according to their spatio-temporal expression in the different regions of brain and also through evolutionary intolerance analysis. The prioritized genes could be considered potential indicators of COVID-19-associated neurological symptoms and thus act as a possible therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of CNS manifestations associated with COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity , Brain/metabolism , Coronavirus Infections/genetics , Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Pneumonia, Viral/genetics , Viral Proteins/genetics , Brain/pathology , Brain/virology , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/pathology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Depression , Dizziness/complications , Dizziness/genetics , Dizziness/pathology , Dizziness/virology , Encephalitis/complications , Encephalitis/genetics , Encephalitis/pathology , Encephalitis/virology , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/genetics , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/pathology , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/virology , Headache/complications , Headache/genetics , Headache/pathology , Headache/virology , Humans , Nerve Tissue Proteins/classification , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Olfaction Disorders/complications , Olfaction Disorders/genetics , Olfaction Disorders/pathology , Olfaction Disorders/virology , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Protein Interaction Mapping , SARS-CoV-2 , Seizures/complications , Seizures/genetics , Seizures/pathology , Seizures/virology , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke/complications , Stroke/genetics , Stroke/pathology , Stroke/virology , Viral Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infection and threating the human lives in the world. The elevation of cytokines in blood is crucial to induce cytokine storm and immunosuppression in the transition of severity in COVID-19 patients. However, the comprehensive changes of serum proteins in COVID-19 patients throughout the SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. In this work, we developed a high-density antibody microarray and performed an in-depth proteomics analysis of serum samples collected from early COVID-19 (n = 15) and influenza (n = 13) patients. We identified a large set of differentially expressed proteins (n = 132) that participate in a landscape of inflammation and immune signaling related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the significant correlations of neutrophil and lymphocyte with the CCL2 and CXCL10 mediated cytokine signaling pathways was identified. These information are valuable for the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, identification of biomarkers and development of the optimal anti-inflammation therapy.